8-4-20 As with other Purdue creditors, the Justice Department had to meet a July 30 deadline to assert financial claims against the company. According to one source, the initial claims seek about $10 billion in criminal penalties, consisting of a fine exceeding $6 billion and a forfeiture of more than $3 billion, as well as a civil penalty of nearly $3 billion.
The Justice Department is among thousands of creditors vying to extract money from Purdue, which has a liquidation value of only a bit more than $2 billion. U.S. prosecutors are focused on possible conspiracy charges and alleged violations of anti-kickback and drug safety laws,according to Reuters sources. A lawyer for the Raymond Sackler family say they acted ethically and responsibly at all times….regarding a public health crisis that claimed the lives of nearly 450,000 people between 1999 and 2018, according to the latest U.S. data.
Purdue Pharma has earned more than $35 billion from the sale of OxyContin, NBC reported, while the Sacklers themselves are thought to have earned $4 billion from the sale of prescription drugs between 2008 and 2016. According to Forbes, the clan has a total wealth of $13 billion shared by an estimated 20 family members….In 2018 alone some 2 million people were believed to be abusing some form of the drug. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8594033/U-S-pursues-nearly-13-billion-claims-Purdue-Pharma-opioid-probes-sources.html
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8-29-2019 In West Africa opioids being taken in life-threatening doses by millions in search of a fix or a release from poverty, unemployment and lack of opportunity. https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/peopleandpower/2019/08/west-africa-opioid-crisis-190827135612104.html
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India. initiation of tramadol use had begun with a prescription of tramadol for detoxification; they were not able to taper the doses of tramadol as per prescription. Experience of euphoria with tramadol was also reported. Thus, tramadol is used by opioids-dependent subjects as a substitute for the unavailable ‘harder’ drugs. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3573583/
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Tramadol, C16H25NO2, synthetic,works as an opiate in the expected way to manage the perception of pain, but beyond that, it allows increased availability of two other neurotransmitter chemicals in the brain called norepinephrine and serotonin. Norepinephrine is noted for its ability to improve concentration, and serotonin manages an array of functions including sleep and mood. https://drugabuse.com/tramadol/history-statistics/
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7-6-18 Adverse effects of opioids include nausea, urticaria, bronchospasm, sedation, constipation, urinary retention, hypotension and respiratory depression.
Tramadol was originally introduced and promoted as a nonscheduled drug in April 1995, based on the assumption that the risk of abuse was sufficiently low to warrant non-scheduled designation. Symptoms of withdrawal from tramadol include anxiety, sweating, insomnia, rigors, pain, nausea, tremors, diarrhea, upper respiratory symptoms, piloerection, and hallucinations. These are similar to symptoms of withdrawal from other opioids. Death rate overdose from opioid abuse (other than methadone) doubling from 2015 to 2016. https://www.azpulse.org/tramadol-an-emerging-drug-of-abuse/
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